Are the Effects of Tourism Positive or Negative? A Review of the Studies in Turkey

Abstract

Tourism is based on national and international mass human mobility. This mobility naturally causes different effects in destinations. There are many studies in the literature on these effects of tourism in destinations. The starting point of this study is the comparison of the studies on the effects of tourism in the literature. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of tourism on the destination based on the studies on the effects of tourism. For this purpose, the findings of 51 articles which have been conducted in different destinations in Turkey by quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods after 2000 were examined by content analysis and meta-analysis techniques. Findings show that tourism has positive and negative results that can be gathered under four factors: social, cultural, economic and environmental. The results of the research show that the positive effects of tourism in the economic field and the negative effects in the environmental and social fields come to the fore.